![]() Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. See OVERDOSAGE for toxicity information.Ĭlinical studies of hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Approximately 85% of an oral dose appears in the urine within 24 hours of administration, most as the glucuronide conjugate, with small amounts of other conjugates and unchanged drug. Elimination of acetaminophen is principally by liver metabolism (conjugation) and subsequent renal excretion of metabolites. The plasma half-life is 1.25 to 3 hours, but may be increased by liver damage and following overdosage. See OVERDOSAGE for toxicity information.Īcetaminophen: Acetaminophen is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is distributed throughout most body tissues. Hydrocodone exhibits a complex pattern of metabolism including O-demethylation, N-demethylation and 6-ketoreduction to the corresponding 6-α- and 6-β-hydroxymetabolites. Maximum serum levels were achieved at 1.3 ± 0.3 hours and the half-life was determined to be 3.8 ± 0.3 hours. Hydrocodone: Following a 10 mg oral dose of hydrocodone administered to five adult male subjects, the mean peak concentration was 23.6 ± 5.2 ng/mL. The behavior of the individual components is described below. Therapeutic doses of acetaminophen have negligible effects on the cardiovascular or respiratory systems however, toxic doses may cause circulatory failure and rapid, shallow breathing. Acetaminophen inhibits prostaglandin synthetase. Antipyretic activity is mediated through hypothalamic heat regulating centers. The analgesic action of acetaminophen involves peripheral influences, but the specific mechanism is as yet undetermined. In addition to analgesia, opioids may produce drowsiness, changes in mood and mental clouding. The precise mechanism of action of hydrocodone and other opiates is not known, although it is believed to relate to the existence of opiate receptors in the central nervous system. Most of these involve the central nervous system and smooth muscle. Hydrocodone is a semisynthetic opioid analgesic and antitussive with multiple actions qualitatively similar to those of codeine. ![]()
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